work on Judaism. Jewish scholars have been puzzled that too often Christian reconstructions of Judaism appear to be caricatures of a Judaism for which there is little or no evidence (The Theology of Paul [Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1998], 339). He has sought to defend and to develop Sanders’s approach. However, there has been resistance to Sanders, notably in Seyoon Kim, Paul and the New Perspective (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2002). Kim argues that Paul related his doctrines of justification more directly